{"id":7042,"date":"2025-06-29T21:05:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T21:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arttao.org\/?page_id=7042"},"modified":"2025-07-27T21:34:48","modified_gmt":"2025-07-27T21:34:48","slug":"h-1-what-are-dependence-and-addiction-problems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h-1-%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%e4%b8%8e%e6%88%90%e7%98%be%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"G1. What are dependency and addiction problems?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">In psychology and behavioral science research, dependence and addiction no longer refer solely to substance use, such as alcohol and drugs, but rather to a complex psychological coping mechanism. It is a way for individuals to temporarily find relief from chronic emotional pain and unresolved stress through external stimulation. Once this approach is repeated and becomes compulsive, it can develop into dependence or even addiction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7049\" style=\"width:73px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1536x990.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-2048x1320.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">G-1. <strong>Broad Definitions of Dependence and Addiction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n        <div style=\"max-width:800px; margin:auto; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif; text-align:center;\">\n            <button id=\"show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152\"\n                    style=\"margin:10px auto; padding:8px 16px; font-size:14px; border-radius:30px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#CCFFCC; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                \ud83c\udfa7 Listen to the test and Q&amp;A\n            <\/button>\n\n            <div id=\"section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:20px;\">\n                                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part149.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Chinese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part150.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            English reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part151.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Japanese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part152.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Spanish reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                    \n                <div id=\"player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:15px; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:20px;\">\n                    <audio id=\"audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152\" controls style=\"width:100%;\"><\/audio>\n                <\/div>\n                <p id=\"hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152\" style=\"margin-top:8px; color:#666; font-size:13px; display:none;\">\n                    \u23f3 If playback is interrupted, please wait a moment... Buffering.\n                <\/p>\n\n                <button\n                    onclick=\"                      (function(){                        var sec=document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');                        var show=document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');                        var audio=document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');                        var box=document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');                        var hint=document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');                        if(audio){ try{ audio.pause(); audio.removeAttribute('src'); audio.load(); }catch(e){} }                        if(box){ box.style.display='none'; }                        if(hint){ hint.style.display='none'; }                        if(sec){ sec.style.display='none'; }                        if(show){ show.style.display='inline-block'; }                      })();                    \"\n                    style=\"margin-top:12px; padding:6px 12px; font-size:12px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                    return\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n            var showBtn = document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');\n            var section = document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');\n            var player  = document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');\n            var box     = document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');\n            var hint    = document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152');\n\n            if (showBtn && section) {\n                showBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){\n                    section.style.display = 'block';\n                    showBtn.style.display = 'none';\n                });\n            }\n\n            \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u4f60\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\uff1aplayDirectTTS_<tag>\n            window.playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group149_152 = function (url) {\n                if (!player || !box) return;\n                player.src = url;\n                box.style.display = 'block';\n                if (hint) hint.style.display = 'block';\n                var p = player.play();\n                if (p && typeof p.then === 'function') { p.catch(function(){}); }\n            };\n        });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">The traditional understanding of &quot;addiction&quot; is often limited to material dependence, such as drug abuse, alcoholism, and substance abuse. However, in contemporary mental health assessments, addiction has been expanded to two categories:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Substance addiction: including alcohol, drugs, nicotine, sugar, caffeine, etc.;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Behavioral addictions: such as mobile phone dependence, game addiction, Internet addiction, overeating, impulsive shopping, workaholism, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7049\" style=\"width:71px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1536x990.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-2048x1320.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">G-2. <strong>The Essence of Addiction: To \u201cEscape Inner Pain\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n        <div style=\"max-width:800px; margin:auto; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif; text-align:center;\">\n            <button id=\"show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156\"\n                    style=\"margin:10px auto; padding:8px 16px; font-size:14px; border-radius:30px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#CCFFCC; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                \ud83c\udfa7 Listen to the test and Q&amp;A\n            <\/button>\n\n            <div id=\"section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:20px;\">\n                                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part153.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Chinese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part154.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            English reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part155.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Japanese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part156.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Spanish reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                    \n                <div id=\"player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:15px; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:20px;\">\n                    <audio id=\"audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156\" controls style=\"width:100%;\"><\/audio>\n                <\/div>\n                <p id=\"hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156\" style=\"margin-top:8px; color:#666; font-size:13px; display:none;\">\n                    \u23f3 If playback is interrupted, please wait a moment... Buffering.\n                <\/p>\n\n                <button\n                    onclick=\"                      (function(){                        var sec=document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');                        var show=document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');                        var audio=document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');                        var box=document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');                        var hint=document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');                        if(audio){ try{ audio.pause(); audio.removeAttribute('src'); audio.load(); }catch(e){} }                        if(box){ box.style.display='none'; }                        if(hint){ hint.style.display='none'; }                        if(sec){ sec.style.display='none'; }                        if(show){ show.style.display='inline-block'; }                      })();                    \"\n                    style=\"margin-top:12px; padding:6px 12px; font-size:12px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                    return\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n            var showBtn = document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');\n            var section = document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');\n            var player  = document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');\n            var box     = document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');\n            var hint    = document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156');\n\n            if (showBtn && section) {\n                showBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){\n                    section.style.display = 'block';\n                    showBtn.style.display = 'none';\n                });\n            }\n\n            \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u4f60\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\uff1aplayDirectTTS_<tag>\n            window.playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group153_156 = function (url) {\n                if (!player || !box) return;\n                player.src = url;\n                box.style.display = 'block';\n                if (hint) hint.style.display = 'block';\n                var p = player.play();\n                if (p && typeof p.then === 'function') { p.catch(function(){}); }\n            };\n        });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Avoidance: Individuals cannot bear emotions such as loneliness, anxiety, and shame, so they divert their attention through pleasure-seeking behaviors;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Illusion of control: In an out-of-control life, certain addictive behaviors become the &quot;only part&quot; an individual can control;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Anhedonia: After a long period of nervous system dulling, daily activities cannot bring pleasure, and individuals tend to seek stronger stimulation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Self-punishment: Intrinsic low self-worth drives people to repeatedly choose behaviors that are harmful to themselves, forming a validation cycle of &quot;I don&#039;t deserve to be treated well.&quot;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7049\" style=\"width:73px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1536x990.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-2048x1320.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">G-3. <strong>Common Psychological Signs of Addiction<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n        <div style=\"max-width:800px; margin:auto; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif; text-align:center;\">\n            <button id=\"show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160\"\n                    style=\"margin:10px auto; padding:8px 16px; font-size:14px; border-radius:30px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#CCFFCC; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                \ud83c\udfa7 Listen to the test and Q&amp;A\n            <\/button>\n\n            <div id=\"section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:20px;\">\n                                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part157.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Chinese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part158.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            English reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part159.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Japanese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part160.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Spanish reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                    \n                <div id=\"player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:15px; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:20px;\">\n                    <audio id=\"audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160\" controls style=\"width:100%;\"><\/audio>\n                <\/div>\n                <p id=\"hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160\" style=\"margin-top:8px; color:#666; font-size:13px; display:none;\">\n                    \u23f3 If playback is interrupted, please wait a moment... Buffering.\n                <\/p>\n\n                <button\n                    onclick=\"                      (function(){                        var sec=document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');                        var show=document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');                        var audio=document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');                        var box=document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');                        var hint=document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');                        if(audio){ try{ audio.pause(); audio.removeAttribute('src'); audio.load(); }catch(e){} }                        if(box){ box.style.display='none'; }                        if(hint){ hint.style.display='none'; }                        if(sec){ sec.style.display='none'; }                        if(show){ show.style.display='inline-block'; }                      })();                    \"\n                    style=\"margin-top:12px; padding:6px 12px; font-size:12px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                    return\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n            var showBtn = document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');\n            var section = document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');\n            var player  = document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');\n            var box     = document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');\n            var hint    = document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160');\n\n            if (showBtn && section) {\n                showBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){\n                    section.style.display = 'block';\n                    showBtn.style.display = 'none';\n                });\n            }\n\n            \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u4f60\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\uff1aplayDirectTTS_<tag>\n            window.playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group157_160 = function (url) {\n                if (!player || !box) return;\n                player.src = url;\n                box.style.display = 'block';\n                if (hint) hint.style.display = 'block';\n                var p = player.play();\n                if (p && typeof p.then === 'function') { p.catch(function(){}); }\n            };\n        });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Unable to stop: Even if you are determined to quit a behavior, you repeatedly fail;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Out-of-bounds use: The duration, frequency, and intensity of use far exceed the preset targets;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Emotional dependence: Feeling anxious, empty, or irritable once the behavior stops;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Life is affected: studies, work, relationships or health are affected but you still can&#039;t stop;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Concealment or denial: Covering up the dependence or rationalizing it as &quot;just fun&quot; or &quot;just a habit&quot;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Internal conflict: satisfying impulses while feeling intensely guilty, falling into a vicious cycle of shame-indulgence-and then shame again.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7049\" style=\"width:71px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1536x990.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-2048x1320.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">G-4. <strong>Why is addiction so stubborn?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n        <div style=\"max-width:800px; margin:auto; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif; text-align:center;\">\n            <button id=\"show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164\"\n                    style=\"margin:10px auto; padding:8px 16px; font-size:14px; border-radius:30px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#CCFFCC; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                \ud83c\udfa7 Listen to the test and Q&amp;A\n            <\/button>\n\n            <div id=\"section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:20px;\">\n                                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part161.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Chinese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part162.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            English reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part163.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Japanese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part164.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Spanish reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                    \n                <div id=\"player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:15px; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:20px;\">\n                    <audio id=\"audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164\" controls style=\"width:100%;\"><\/audio>\n                <\/div>\n                <p id=\"hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164\" style=\"margin-top:8px; color:#666; font-size:13px; display:none;\">\n                    \u23f3 If playback is interrupted, please wait a moment... Buffering.\n                <\/p>\n\n                <button\n                    onclick=\"                      (function(){                        var sec=document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');                        var show=document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');                        var audio=document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');                        var box=document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');                        var hint=document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');                        if(audio){ try{ audio.pause(); audio.removeAttribute('src'); audio.load(); }catch(e){} }                        if(box){ box.style.display='none'; }                        if(hint){ hint.style.display='none'; }                        if(sec){ sec.style.display='none'; }                        if(show){ show.style.display='inline-block'; }                      })();                    \"\n                    style=\"margin-top:12px; padding:6px 12px; font-size:12px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                    return\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n            var showBtn = document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');\n            var section = document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');\n            var player  = document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');\n            var box     = document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');\n            var hint    = document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164');\n\n            if (showBtn && section) {\n                showBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){\n                    section.style.display = 'block';\n                    showBtn.style.display = 'none';\n                });\n            }\n\n            \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u4f60\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\uff1aplayDirectTTS_<tag>\n            window.playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group161_164 = function (url) {\n                if (!player || !box) return;\n                player.src = url;\n                box.style.display = 'block';\n                if (hint) hint.style.display = 'block';\n                var p = player.play();\n                if (p && typeof p.then === 'function') { p.catch(function(){}); }\n            };\n        });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Physiological mechanism: Addictive behaviors stimulate the brain\u2019s reward system (dopamine pathway), forming a reinforcement pathway;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Psychological dependence: individuals are accustomed to using it as the &quot;only emotional outlet&quot;;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Social cues: Modern society advocates efficiency, stimulation and consumption, which strengthens the legitimacy and concealment of addictive behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"660\" src=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7049\" style=\"width:75px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1024x660.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-1536x990.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/EaI\u00bcIo_601794467_\u00b4\u00f7\u00a8\u00b9U\u00b5AA\u00aeo\u00a2I\u00a2D\u00a6\u00d7A\u00b7CAEoO\u00b5EIOA22-2048x1320.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-medium-font-size\">G-5. <strong>The road to repair from a psychological perspective<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n        <div style=\"max-width:800px; margin:auto; font-family:'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif; text-align:center;\">\n            <button id=\"show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168\"\n                    style=\"margin:10px auto; padding:8px 16px; font-size:14px; border-radius:30px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#CCFFCC; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                \ud83c\udfa7 Listen to the test and Q&amp;A\n            <\/button>\n\n            <div id=\"section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:20px;\">\n                                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part165.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Chinese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part166.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            English reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part167.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Japanese reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                            <button\n                            onclick=\"playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168( '\/wp-content\/uploads\/voice\/psych_test_part168.mp3' )\"\n                            style=\"margin:6px; padding:10px 20px; font-size:14px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                            Spanish reading\n                        <\/button>\n                                    \n                <div id=\"player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:15px; padding:10px; border:1px solid #ccc; border-radius:20px;\">\n                    <audio id=\"audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168\" controls style=\"width:100%;\"><\/audio>\n                <\/div>\n                <p id=\"hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168\" style=\"margin-top:8px; color:#666; font-size:13px; display:none;\">\n                    \u23f3 If playback is interrupted, please wait a moment... Buffering.\n                <\/p>\n\n                <button\n                    onclick=\"                      (function(){                        var sec=document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');                        var show=document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');                        var audio=document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');                        var box=document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');                        var hint=document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');                        if(audio){ try{ audio.pause(); audio.removeAttribute('src'); audio.load(); }catch(e){} }                        if(box){ box.style.display='none'; }                        if(hint){ hint.style.display='none'; }                        if(sec){ sec.style.display='none'; }                        if(show){ show.style.display='inline-block'; }                      })();                    \"\n                    style=\"margin-top:12px; padding:6px 12px; font-size:12px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n                    return\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <script>\n        document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\n            var showBtn = document.getElementById('show_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');\n            var section = document.getElementById('section_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');\n            var player  = document.getElementById('audio_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');\n            var box     = document.getElementById('player_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');\n            var hint    = document.getElementById('hint_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168');\n\n            if (showBtn && section) {\n                showBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){\n                    section.style.display = 'block';\n                    showBtn.style.display = 'none';\n                });\n            }\n\n            \/\/ \u4fdd\u6301\u4f60\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u540d\uff0c\u4e0d\u6539\u52a8\uff1aplayDirectTTS_<tag>\n            window.playDirectTTS_arttao_psych_answer_tts_group165_168 = function (url) {\n                if (!player || !box) return;\n                player.src = url;\n                box.style.display = 'block';\n                if (hint) hint.style.display = 'block';\n                var p = player.play();\n                if (p && typeof p.then === 'function') { p.catch(function(){}); }\n            };\n        });\n        <\/script>\n        \n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Increase awareness: Identify emotions and situations that trigger dependent behaviors;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Establish alternative mechanisms: Use writing, meditation, exercise, and interpersonal connections to replace the original dependence mode;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Repair inner beliefs: address hidden core cognitions such as shame, self-denial, and feelings of worthlessness;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Set boundaries and rhythms: Establish real-life routines and support systems;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-small-font-size\">Professional support: Get systematic companionship and adjustment through psychological counseling or addiction treatment support programs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Take-Care-Mood-Sticker-by-Dyanapyehchek.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8015\" style=\"width:82px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n    <div style=\"max-width:600px; margin:auto; text-align:center; font-size:14px;'Microsoft YaHei', sans-serif;\">\n\n        <!-- \ud83d\udcd6 \u4e3b\u6309\u94ae -->\n        <button id=\"readingMainBtn\" style=\"padding:8px 16px; font-size:14px; border-radius:30px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#FFF4E0; color:#333; cursor:pointer;\">\n            \ud83d\udcd6 Read the test. Read the Q&amp;A\n        <\/button>\n\n        <!-- \ud83d\udcda \u9605\u8bfb\u9009\u9879 -->\n        <div id=\"readingOptions\" style=\"display:none; margin-top:20px;\">\n\t\t\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h-1-broad-definitions-of-dependence-and-addiction\/\"target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block; margin:8px auto; padding:10px 20px; font-size:15px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; text-decoration:none; color:#333;\">\n                1. Broad Definitions of Dependence and Addiction (Reading)\n\t\t       <\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h-2-the-nature-of-addiction-to-escape-inner-pain\/\"target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block; margin:8px auto; padding:10px 20px; font-size:15px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; text-decoration:none; color:#333;\">\n                2. The Nature of Addiction: To \u201cEscape Inner Pain\u201d (Reading)\n            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h-3-common-psychological-signs-of-addiction\/\"target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block; margin:8px auto; padding:10px 20px; font-size:15px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; text-decoration:none; color:#333;\">\n                3. Common Psychological Signs of Addiction (Reading)\n            <\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t       <\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h-5-why-is-addiction-so-persistent\/\"target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block; margin:8px auto; padding:10px 20px; font-size:15px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; text-decoration:none; color:#333;\">\n                4. Why is addiction so persistent? (Read)\n            <\/a>\n\t\t       <\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h-5-the-road-to-repair-from-a-psychological-perspective\/\"target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block; margin:8px auto; padding:10px 20px; font-size:15px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; text-decoration:none; color:#333;\">\n                5. The Path to Restoration from a Psychological Perspective (Reading)\n            <\/a>\n\t\t       \n            <\/a>\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/arttao.org\/en\/h2-preparation-for-the-socratic-test-on-dependence-and-addiction\/\"target=\"_blank\" style=\"display:block; margin:8px auto; padding:10px 20px; font-size:15px; border-radius:20px; border:1px solid #aaa; background:#fff; text-decoration:none; color:#333;\">\n                6. 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